Lions Roar Pre-Workout (Tropical Sunrise)

Formula Ingredient Deck And Benefits Of Each Ingredient:

 Vitamin B6 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)

• Serves as a cofactor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions associated in blood sugar regulation, immunity, cardiovascular function, neuronal health, metabolic, and digestive health (38, 40).
• Reduces plasma glucose (blood sugar levels) via by inhibiting the activity of small-intestinal α-glucosidases (enzymes associated with glucose metabolism) (39).
• Functions as an antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (inflammatory markers) and advanced glycation end-products (38,40).
• May support blood sugar regulation in women with gestational diabetes (40).
• Cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA metabolism (40).

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

• Major B vitamin that supports cardiovascular health by inhibiting hepatic(liver) triglyceride synthesis, reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and increasing HDL plasma concentrations (9).
• Reduces conversion of VLDL into LDL proteins and serum lipoprotein concentrations in plasma (blood) (9).
• Vital for regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair, and cell death (9).
• Supports healthy inflammatory response via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic (prevention of cell death) properties (9).
• Prevents pathologies(diseases) such as Pellagra and reduces prevalence of nervous anorexia, cancer, and crohn's disease (10, 11).
• Supports sensitization of tumors to radiation via apoptosis (cell death) cascade of tumor mass and improves oxygen delivery to malignant tissues (cancer cells) (12).
• Supports cognitive health by reducing age-related decline of NAD+, increasing quinolinic acid and reducing neuroinflammation (9).
• Increased niacin associated NAD+ levels have been shown to increase neurotransmission, learning and memory (9).
• Niacin reduces the prevalence of neurodegenerative pathologies by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction (9).

Caffeine Anhydrous 

• Optimizes energy, cognitive function, and mental alertness. (24).
• Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance exercise performance (24).

L-Citrulline Malate

• Supports cardiovascular health and exercise performance by increasing production of l-arginine (34).
• Increases nitric oxide production, improves exercise performance, and increases blood flow to exercising skeletal muscle (35).
• Supports strength increases, exercise endurance, and recovery (34,35).
• May reduce blood pressure by increasing vascular function (34).

Vitamin B-12 (Methylcobalamin)

• Metabolically active, methylated form of Vitamin B12 needed for proper DNA synthesis, folate cycle function, energy production, cognitive function, and immune health (51,53).
• Aids as an antioxidant via direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (inflammation), preserving l-glutathione levels (master antioxidant), and reducing oxidative stress (51).
• May prevent vitamin b-12 deficiency diseases such as anemia, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis (53).

Creatine Monohydrate 

• Optimizes exercise performance, muscle mass, strength, thermoregulation, recovery, and intramuscular stores of phosphocreatine (PCr) (47).
• Vital for the energy reaction of every cell in the human body as a spatial energy shuttle and energy sensor (47,50).
•  Vital in bioenergetics (metabolic activity) of the brain (50).
• Fuels CD8 and CD4 T- cell mediated immunity (immune cells) in cancer tissue (48,49).
• Supports cognition and focus via replenishment of cerebral storage of creatine (creatine in the brain) (50).
• Supports cognitive health in brain creatine deficiency associated neurodegenerative diseases (50).
• Supports cognitive health by enhancing the facilitation of synaptic glutamate and neurotransmitter uptake (50).

Vitamin B2

• Supports conversion and activation of other B vitamins, red blood cell production and serves as a cofactor for both glucose and fat metabolism (energy production) (92,93).

Vitamin B1

• Supports aerobic energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation), cell growth, optimal neuronal conduction (nerve impulses), and cardiovascular health (94).
• Supports cardiovascular function and aids as a neuroprotective agent in individuals with vitamin B-1 deficiencies (94, 95).

Vitamin B5

• Supports energy production, cell growth, cell repair, cognitive function, increased hippocampal volume (memory), and optimized bioenergetics (burning of carbohydrates, fat, and protein) (96).

Vitamin C

• Supports immune, cardiovascular, skin, cognitive, fat burning, and digestive health (97, 98).
• Supports immune health via increased oxidant, free radical scavenging, and fueling neutrophilic (immune cell) activity in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing (97,98).
• Supports fat burning by increasing carnitine biosynthesis (molecule required for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) (97,98).
• Supports accelerate bone healing after a fracture, increase type I collagen synthesis, and reduce oxidative stress (inflammation) (98).

Betaine Anhydrous

• Supports increased muscle protein synthesis, decreased adipose tissue mass (fat loss), increased creatine synthesis, reduced fatigue from exercise, and improves nitric oxide production (99, 100).
• Supports skeletal muscle hypertrophy by aiding as an anabolic intramuscular Osmolyte (drawing water to muscle cells) (99,100).
• Increases skeletal muscle hypertrophy via increased methionine production and ultimately increased creatine reservoir (99,100).
• Reduces adipose tissue by increasing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (fat burning) via increased l-carnitine transport (a molecule that transports to be burned) (99,100).

Dynamine

• Supports increased mood and hippocampal volume (memory) (101).

GABA

• Supports relaxation, positive mood, increased memory, reduced anxiety, blood sugar regulation, and increased growth hormone production (102).

Beta Alanine

• Improves exercise performance, increases nutrient delivery to exercising muscle, and reduces lactate-associated neurological exercise fatigue (15).
• Reduces carnosine (muscle acidity) levels and acts as an intramuscular ph buffer (15).
• Reduces lactate “burn” associated fatigue during extreme exercise (15).

Sources:

1. Ueland, P. M., McCann, A., Midttun, Ø., & Ulvik, A. (2017). Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Molecular aspects of medicine, 53, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001
2. Bird R. P. (2018). The Emerging Role of Vitamin B6 in Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Advances in food and nutrition research, 83, 151–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.004
3. Mascolo, E., & Vernì, F. (2020). Vitamin B6 and Diabetes: Relationship and Molecular Mechanisms. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(10), 3669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103669
4. Gasperi, V., Sibilano, M., Savini, I., & Catani, M. V. (2019). Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(4), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040974
5. Gentilcore D. (2016). Louis Sambon and the Clash of Pellagra Etiologies in Italy and the United States, 1905-14. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, 71(1), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrv002
6. Kirkland J. B. (2009). Niacin status and treatment-related leukemogenesis. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 8(4), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0042
7. Hoskin, P., Rojas, A., & Saunders, M. (2009). Accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen, and nicotinamide (ARCON) in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer: mature results of a Phase II nonrandomized study. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 73(5), 1425–1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1950
8. Guest, N. S., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Nelson, M. T., Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Jenkins, N., Arent, S. M., Antonio, J., Stout, J. R., Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Goldstein, E. R., Kalman, D. S., & Campbell, B. I. (2021). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4
9. van de Lagemaat, E. E., de Groot, L., & van den Heuvel, E. (2019). Vitamin B12in Relation to Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 11(2), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020482
10. Romain, M., Sviri, S., Linton, D. M., Stav, I., & van Heerden, P. V. (2016). The role of Vitamin B12 in the critically ill--a review. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 44(4), 447–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1604400410
11. Shipton, M. J., & Thachil, J. (2015). Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective . Clinical medicine (London, England), 15(2), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145
12. Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., … Lopez, H. L. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 18. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z
13. Di Biase, S., Ma, X., Wang, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y. C., Smith, D. J., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Kim, Y. J., Clarke, N., To, A., & Yang, L. (2019). Creatine uptake regulates CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. The Journal of experimental medicine, 216(12), 2869–2882. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182044
14. Kazak, L., & Cohen, P. (2020). Creatine metabolism: energy homeostasis, immunity and cancer biology. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 16(8), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0365-5
15. Ebrahimi, K., Jourkesh, M., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Stannard, S. R., Earnest, C. P., Ramsbottom, R., Antonio, J., & Navin, K. H. (2020). Effects of Physical Activity on Brain Energy Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Diseases. Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 8(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases8020018
16. Thakur, K., Tomar, S. K., Singh, A. K., Mandal, S., & Arora, S. (2017). Riboflavin and health: A review of recent human research. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(17), 3650–3660. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1145104
17. Suwannasom, N., Kao, I., Pruß, A., Georgieva, R., & Bäumler, H. (2020). Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(3), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030950
18. DiNicolantonio, J. J., Niazi, A. K., Lavie, C. J., O'Keefe, J. H., & Ventura, H. O. (2013). Thiamine supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: a review of the literature. Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.), 19(4), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/chf.12037
19. Saedisomeolia, A., & Ashoori, M. (2018). Riboflavin in Human Health: A Review of Current Evidences. Advances in food and nutrition research, 83, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.002
20. Ragaller, V., Lebzien, P., Südekum, K. H., Hüther, L., & Flachowsky, G. (2011). Pantothenic acid in ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01004.x
21. Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211
22. DePhillipo, N. N., Aman, Z. S., Kennedy, M. I., Begley, J. P., Moatshe, G., & LaPrade, R. F. (2018). Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 6(10), 2325967118804544. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118804544
23. Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., Gonzalez, A. M., Beller, N. A., & Craig, S. A. (2011). Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 25(8), 2235–2241. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530
24. Harty, P. S., Zabriskie, H. A., Erickson, J. L., Molling, P. E., Kerksick, C. M., & Jagim, A. R. (2018). Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0247-6
25. VanDusseldorp, T. A., Stratton, M. T., Bailly, A. R., Holmes, A. J., Alesi, M. G., Feito, Y., Mangine, G. T., Hester, G. M., Esmat, T. A., Barcala, M., Tuggle, K. R., Snyder, M., & Modjeski, A. S. (2020). Safety of Short-Term Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine® in Young Adults. Nutrients, 12(3), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030654
26. Powers M. (2012). GABA supplementation and growth hormone response. Medicine and sport science, 59, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000341944